ABSTRACT
Countries worldwide have deployed mass COVID-19 vaccination drives, but there are people who are hesitant to receive the vaccine. Studies assessing the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy are inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and determine the potential factors associated with such hesitancy. We performed an organized search for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Extraction of the required information was performed for each study. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy; the potential factors related to vaccine hesitancy were analyzed using a Z-test. A total of 56 articles were included in our analysis. We found that the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was 25%. Being a woman, being a 50-year-old or younger, being single, being unemployed, living in a household with five or more individuals, having an educational attainment lower than an undergraduate degree, having a non-healthcare-related job and considering COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe were associated with a higher risk of vaccination hesitancy. In contrast, living with children at home, maintaining physical distancing norms, having ever tested for COVID-19, and having a history of influenza vaccination in the past few years were associated with a lower risk of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination. Our study provides valuable information on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, and we recommend special interventions in the sub-populations with increased risk to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
ABSTRACT
Background: Since 2020, Indonesian health professionals have been affected by burnout as the physiological impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Malang has contributed to a substantial number of new daily cases and death rates in East Java, an epicenter of COVID-19 in Indonesia. However, a study about how burnout affected Malang health professionals was never conducted. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with burnout among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malang, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with an online survey conducted in 5 major hospitals in Malang. We conducted a study about the prevalence rate of burnout in Malang and the association between sociodemographic factors, occupational hazards, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The associations were presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: We analyzed 1,077 health professionals in Malang. Our result showed that the prevalence of burnout among health professionals in Malang is 22.0%. Respondents under the age of 30 tend to experience a higher level of burnout by 3.4-fold (OR = 3.43, p-value < 0.001), compared with those over the age of 40 years. Our data showed that respondents working longer than 100 h/week tend to experience burnout by 3.8-fold (OR = 3.83, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of the health professionals in Malang suffered from burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, and MBI-HSS subscales are strongly associated with age and work hours.